From Invisible Digital Harm To Quantified, Comparable Platform Accountability Spain’s introduction of HODIO (La Huella del Odio y la Polarización) marks a significant shift in how digital environments are governed—transforming abstract issues like hate speech and polarization into measurable, trackable metrics. By analyzing platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, X, YouTube, and Facebook, the tool creates a public ranking based on both the presence and amplification of harmful c